Goliath tracked mine

Goliath Sd.kfz 302
An SdKfz. 302, displayed at the Deutsches Panzermuseum, Munster (2005)
Type	Demolition vehicle
Place of origin	Germany
Service history
In service	1942-1945
Used by	Nazi Germany,
Production history
Designed	1942
Manufacturer	Borgward and Zundapp.
Produced	1942–1944
Number built	7564
Specifications
Weight	370 kg (820 lb)
Length	1.5 m (4.9 ft)
Width	0.85 m (2.8 ft)
Height	0.56 m (1.8 ft)
Crew	none
Armor	5mm
Main armament	60 kg (130 lb) explosive charge
Engine	Two Electric Motors 2 x 2.5 kw
Operational range	1.5 km (0.93 mi) on-road; 0.75 km (0.47 mi) off-road.

Goliath Sd.kfz 303
An SdKfz. 303, the petrol powered version of the Goliath
Type	engineered demolition vehicle
Place of origin	Germany
Service history
In service	1942-1945
Used by	Nazi Germany,
Production history
Designed	1942
Manufacturer	Zundapp and Zachertz
Produced	1943–1945
Number built	4929, both the model a and model b
Specifications
Weight	430 kg (950 lb)
Length	1.69 m (5.5 ft)
Width	0.91 m (3.0 ft)
Height	0.62 m (2.0 ft)
Crew	none
Armor	10mm
Main armament	100 kg (220 lb) explosive charge
Engine	Zündapp SZ7 / 2-cylinder 12.5hp
Operational range	12 km (7.5 mi) on-road; 7 km (4.3 mi) off-road.

The Goliath tracked mine - complete German name: Leichter Ladungsträger Goliath (Sd.Kfz. 302/303a/303b) - was a remote controlled German-engineered demolition vehicle, also known as the beetle tank to the Allies.

Employed by the Wehrmacht during World War II. It carried 60 or 100 kilograms (130 or 220 lb) of high explosives, depending on the model, and was intended to be used for multiple purposes, such as destroying tanks, disrupting dense infantry formations, and demolition of buildings and bridges.

German soldiers in April 1944 with a Goliath and the remote control.

Development and use

British soldiers with captured German Goliath tracked mines.

Goliath 303a captured by the Polish troops during Warsaw Uprising on display in the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw

In late 1940, after recovering the prototype of a miniature tracked vehicle developed by the French vehicle designer Adolphe Kégresse near the Seine, the Wehrmacht's ordnance office directed the Carl F.W. Borgward automotive company of Bremen, Germany to develop a similar vehicle for the purpose of carrying a minimum of 50 kg of explosives. The result was the SdKfz. 302 (Sonderkraftfahrzeug, ‘special-purpose vehicle’), called the Leichter Ladungsträger (‘light charge carrier’), or Goliath, which carried 60 kilograms (130 lb) of explosives. The vehicle was steered remotely via a joystick control box. The control box was attached to the Goliath by a triple-strand cable connected to the rear of the vehicle, for transmitting power to the electric driven version. Two of the strands were used to move and steer the Goliath, while the third was used for detonation. The Goliath had 650 metres (2,130 ft) of cable. Each Goliath was disposable, being intended to be blown up with its target. Early model Goliaths used an electric motor but, as these were costly to make (3000 Reichsmarks) and difficult to repair in a combat environment, later models (known as the SdKfz. 303) used a simpler, more reliable gasoline engine.

Goliaths were used on all fronts where the Wehrmacht fought, beginning in early 1942. They were used principally by specialized Panzer and combat engineer units. Goliaths were used at Anzio in Italy in April 1944, and against the Polish resistance during the Warsaw Uprising 1944. A few Goliaths were also seen on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day, though most were rendered inoperative due to artillery blasts severing their command cables. A small number of Goliaths were also encountered by allied troops in the Maritime Alps following the landings in southern France in August 1944, with at least one being used successfully against a vehicle of the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion.

Although a total of 7,564 Goliaths were produced, the single-use weapon was not considered a success due to the high unit cost, low speed (just above 6 miles per hour (9.7 km/h), poor ground clearance (just 11.4 centimeters), vulnerable command cables and thin armour which failed to protect the remote bomb from any form of antitank weapons. The Goliath did help lay the foundation for post-war advances in remote-controlled vehicle technologies.

Surviving examples

Surviving Goliaths are preserved at:

• The Museum of World War II, Massachusetts, USA
• the Deutsches Panzermuseum, Germany
• Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna, Austria
• the Musée du Débarquement Utah Beach, Normandy, France
• Musée des Blindés, Saumur, France
• Musee No. 4 Commando, Ouistreham, Normandy, France
• the Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
• Fort Garry Horse Museum, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
• United States Army Ordnance Museum
• Karl Smith collection, USA
• the Imperial War Museum Duxford, UK
• the Bovington Tank Museum, UK
• The REME Museum, UK
• Dutch Cavalry Museum, Netherlands
• War Museum Overloon, Netherlands
• Het Nederlands kustverdedigingsmuseum: Fort Hoek van Holland Netherlands www.forthvh.nl
• Het memorial museum Nijverdal, Netherlands
• Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History, Belgium
• December 44 Museum, La Gleize, Belgium
• the Kubinka Tank Museum, Russia
• Arsenał in Wrocław, Poland
• Polish Army Museum, Poland
• Warsaw Uprising Museum, Poland
• Muzeum dopravy (transportation museum), Bratislava, Slovakia.
• Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm, Sweden

See also

• Teletank
• Mobile Land Mine
• Springer (tank)
• Borgward IV

Notes

Defense against the German Goliath was reenacted in the 1957 Polish film Kanał, documenting the final days of the Warsaw Uprising.

References

• Chamberlain, Peter, and Hilary Doyle (1999). Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two, 2nd ed. London: Arms & Armour. ISBN 1-85409-214-6.
• Gassend Jean-Loup (2014). Autopsy of a Battle, the Allied Liberation of the French Riviera, August September 1944. Atglen PA: Schiffer Publications.
• Jaugitz, Markus (2001). Funklenkpanzer: A History of German Army Remote-and Radio-Controlled Armor Units, trans. David Johnston. Winnipeg, Manitoba: J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-921991-58-4.
• Jentz, Thomas L. Panzer Tracts, No. 14: Gepanzerte Pionier-Fahrzeuge (Armored Combat Engineer Vehicles, Goliath to Raeumer). S. Darlington, Maryland: Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-00-7
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1957). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II vol. 11. Boston, Mass.: Atlantic Monthly Press. 

External links

• Dutch Cavalry Museum has a Goliath-tank in its collection.
• Relicnews.com has some additional pictures and info that may be of interest. Copyright of the pictures cannot be confirmed so they are linked rather than lifted.
• Leichte Ladungsträger Goliath Sd.Kfz.302 (E-Motor)
• Leichte Ladungsträger Goliath Sd.Kfz.303a / Sd.Kfz.303b (V-Motor)